Serial Killers A True Crime Author And Investigative...

This series follows Lydia Strong, a woman who s mother was murdered when she was a kid; Lydia also came home one day and found her with her throat slit from ear to ear. She helped the police catch her mother s killer way back when. This changed who she was, and would effect her development and make her who she would become. Now, she writes about killers-working as a true crime author and investigative consultant- and has an obsession: seeing brutal killers brought to justice. Lydia has won a Pulitzer Prize for her writing about serial killers. She is also reclusive, and has the ability to see clues that other people cannot. She works with a friend that she has who used to work for the FBI named Jeffrey Mark. This man is the only friend that she has; due to the fact that she feels that if she lets herself get to close to someone, she will surely lose them. There is surely nothing about this woman that is simple; she is good at what she does but she is also flawed. You would be too if you walked in and found your mother dead at a very young age. Angel Fire is the first book in the Lydia Strong series by New York Times Bestselling author Lisa Misicone and was originally released in 2002 and was re-released in 2011. This is Unger s debut novel and is set in Santa Fe, New Mexico. When three loner and drifter adults go missing, only Lydia Strong notices that they have gone missing. With the help of her friend, Jeffrey Mark (a former FBI agent), the two start their ownShow MoreRelatedTrial by Fire16438 Words   |  66 Pageslife sentence. Photograph by Ken Light. Related Links Audio: Grann on the Texas execution that may change the death penalty debate. Video: David Grann discusses the flaws of the Cameron Todd Willingham investigation. Ask the Author: Live chat with Grann Wednesday, September 2 at 3 P.M. E.T. The fire moved quickly through the house, a one-story wood-frame structure in a working-class neighborhood of Corsicana, in northeast Texas. Flames spread along the walls, bursting throughRead MoreTrial by Fire16445 Words   |  66 Pagesfor a life sentence. Photograph by Ken Light. Related Links Audio: Grann on the Texas execution that may change the death penalty debate. Video: David Grann discusses the flaws of the Cameron Todd Willingham investigation. Ask the Author: Live chat with Grann Wednesday, September 2 at 3 P.M. E.T. The fire moved quickly through the house, a one-story wood-frame structure in a working-class neighborhood of Corsicana, in northeast Texas. Flames spread along the walls, bursting throughRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pagesshould be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, e-mail: permcoordinator@wiley.com. Limit of LiabilityDisclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness

The Philosophy Of Liberalism And Marxism Essay - 1390 Words

The Philosophy of Liberalism and Marxism John Locke and Karl Marx are two of the most influential philosophers when it comes to politics and how we should govern. Locke, regarded as the Father of Liberalism and Marx, the Father of Marxism, had many conflicting ideas and philosophies but their works are deep seeded into modern politics we know today and are still widely disputed John Locke’s An essay of Human Understanding in 1689. One of its main concepts is that knowledge is gained by experience. This is known as empiricism. Empiricism is â€Å"The view that sense experience is the only basis for true knowledge† Locke believed that the mind is a blank slate, or â€Å"tabula rasa†, at birth and we gain all our knowledge from experience, observation and experimentation. This form of thought went against the previous belief that knowledge can be gained just by reason and thinking. This was known as rationalism. Locke believed we were all born the same and that no o ne man was born with more knowledge than the next. â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal† (The Declaration of Independence) John Locke may not have written The Declaration of Independence but his philosophical views seem to have had an influence. Many of Locke’s philosophical views were somewhat radical, but they would later become regarded as highly influential. A work such as A Letter Concerning Toleration was published in 1689. This was during a time were religious prosecution wasShow MoreRelatedLiberalism And Its Impact On Society882 Words   |  4 Pagesby their personal beliefs and they fail to look at the bigger picture. Liberalism is the ideology that would best fit society because its principles’ advocate for equality, tolerance of all, and individualism. Liberals believe in freedom from tyranny or unwarranted government intervention and that the well-being of society comes from competition among self-interested p eople (Classical Liberalism Lecture). Traditional liberalism came about during the industrial revolution, a time where new technologiesRead MoreThe Politics of International Economic Relations Essay1505 Words   |  7 PagesThe Politics of International Economic Relations The purpose of the essay is to draw out the conceptual differences of Liberalism, Realism and Marxism. Each author stands for different approach among the three readings. Deundey and Ikenberry are liberals, Gilpin researches for Realism, David Harvey is a typical scholar of Marxism. The perspectives of three authors overlap on three issues but have different view on them. The first issue is what are the main actors involved in economic relations accordingRead MoreCapitalism, Liberalism And Marxism Leninism1486 Words   |  6 Pagesto concept of wealth; how do I get more? In the world of economics there are several theories and approaches but the three main powerhouses that have either stood the test of time or paved the way for economic revolutions are Mercantilism, Liberalism and Marxism-Leninism. Each of these economic theories have great strengths in their own rights but are of course not without great limitations. While there is no such thing as an inherently perfect economic an d political system it is quite obvious thatRead MoreDomestic And Foreign Economic Policy1646 Words   |  7 Pagespolicy is typically modeled after the capitalist approach. United States is a prime example of a nation that has implemented the capitalism approach and has been a leader in the free market trade. An opposite example is China who uses a modified Marxism approach with a twist in their foreign economic concept utilizing a modified controlled capitalism approach. It is important for states to have a full understanding on how the global economy works in order to figure out what economic model willRead More Philosophical And Ideological Perspectives In Education Essay examples784 Words   |  4 PagesEducation continue to examine the major schools of philosophy of education through the systems approach. It also considers the relationship of education to major ideologies such as Liberalism, Conservativism, and Marxism. It analyzes the impact of philosophy and ideology on educational theory and practice by examining such theories as Essentialism, Perennialism, Progressivism, and Social Reconstructionism. Although concentrating on the philosophy of education, it introduces educational ideas. FirstRead MoreThe Problem Of National Self Reliance Essay1473 Words   |  6 Pagesother? From the 14th to the 17th century the period following the middle Ages and also know as Renaissance the international Political Economy (IPE) was dominated by Realism Politic theory the predominant school of thought or a theory of political philosophy that attempts to explain international and domestic politics. Its roots date back to 400 Before Christ, and many Realists such as Niccolo Machiavelli and Thomas Hobbes concentrate on nation states, international power relations, self-interests,Read MoreTheoretical Traditions and Community Development1383 Words   |  6 PagesIn this assignment I will discuss key theoretical traditions from social theory such as Social Darwinism, Functionalism, Liberalism, Marxist theory, Feminism and Social movement theory and discuss how they relate to the practice of community development. Social theory seeks to explain change in society, how it develops, what factors facilitate and inhibit it and what results from it. Social theory can be viewed as a set of tools which are used in constructing our own explanations of what is happeningRead MoreCritical Theorist By Robert Cox1895 Words   |  8 Pagesthat ranges vastly across the world dependent on the situation of the time. Critical theorists like Robert Cox, who have shook the International Relations world base their arguments around their striking and complex thinking deriving from history, philosophy and geopolitics. He does this in order to clarify how politics is forever intertwined with economics, how theory is always linked to practice, and how material relations and ideas are intricately entwined to co-produce world orders. As reiteratedRead MoreThe Traditional Global Environment Evolved Into The Modern Global System1233 Words   |  5 PagesQuestion 1: Starting in 1900, the traditional global environment evo lved into the modern global system. As international relations scholars have attempted to examine and explain this change, six worldviews have emerged. These are Realism, Liberalism, Idealism, Neo-Marxism, Constructivism, and Feminism. In an essay format answer, you are to discuss the main characteristics of each worldview. One of the peculiarities of research of international relations is the variety of conceptual constructions andRead MoreEconomics Is The Study Of The Universe And How Everything1867 Words   |  8 PagesThe way that these points are organized is different for every society and has made the emergence of three important economic thought schools; mercantilism, liberalism, and Marxism. None of the schools has the â€Å"right† way to run an economy but, I think one of the schools has the best philosophies for today’s societies. The ideas of the liberalism economic thought school apply best to society today. In The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith wrote, â€Å"to lay extraordinary restraints upon the those particular

In Cold Blood Paper Ap English Free Essays

At What Cost? â€Å"No one will ever know what In Cold Blood took out of me,† Capote once said. â€Å"It scraped me right down to the marrow of my bones. It nearly killed me. We will write a custom essay sample on In Cold Blood Paper Ap English or any similar topic only for you Order Now I think, in a way, it did kill me. † Truman Capote learned his own hard lesson that â€Å"More tears are shed over answered prayers than unanswered ones† in writing In Cold Blood. Capote’s interest in writing an article on his fascination over the impact of brutal, senseless murders in a rural community rapidly transforms into pure obsession to write a novel that would revolutionize the literary world. This leads him to significantly change his behavior in a destructive manner and ultimately this negatively impacts his life. In the movie Capote, Truman blithely told Alvin Dewey, the lead investigator, â€Å"It really doesn’t make any difference to me if the case is ever solved or not. † His intentions going to Holcomb, Kansas were to produce an article that examined the effects of a brutal, senseless killing of the Clutter family on an unknown rural community. The community was inflicted with insomnia, loss of faith and trust, and suspicion which first attracted Truman to Holcomb, Kansas to write an article. Capote states â€Å"they believed that the murdered was among themselves† (Capote 88). Capote and his close novelist friend, Harper Lee, quickly forge relationships with the community to obtain stories from them. However one sees, as both the story and movie progress, Capote becomes more intrigued by the actual case, especially after meeting the murderers, developing an emotional connection with them. Capote’s literary aspirations to write an article on the impact of these murders to this community change after he meets with the detained killers, Perry Smith and Dick Hickock. Capote fosters a close, warped friendship with Smith. Capote is now entrenched into the bowels of the details of the murders and in the mind of Smith so he decides that he must write a novel. His goal is to now publish an award winning non-fiction novel, In Cold Blood. Capote’s motives are now altered and he will do whatever it takes to write a critically acclaimed novel. After Smith and Hickock are sentenced to death, Capote realizes for his novel to be a success that he needs to keep them off of death row as long as possible so that he can obtain all possible gruesome details and their inner thoughts. To do this, Capote decides to hire them high- powered lawyers. He begins to relate with Smith on a personal level to get all important details for his novel and he actually allows himself to become psychologically attached. Capote and Smith shared similar troubled childhoods as they both were neglected by reckless mothers. He realizes that he could have become like Smith and no longer sees Smith as a monster. By personally connecting with Smith is a twisted way, Capote becomes obsessed with the whole case and it changes his behavior and his life. Capote reveals several character flaws in his pursuit of writing an award winning novel. He quickly learns to lie to obtain information and does not seem to have any issue in exaggerating facts or even manipulating those that he is interviewing. An example of this behavior is when Smith confronts Capote about the title of his book and Capote lies stating that his editor named the book. He even stoops to unethical behavior when he bribes a prison warden at Leavenworth with money so that he has unlimited access to meet with Smith. It was callous knowing that Capote was on precipice of his utmost success in his career as Smith says goodbye to Capote as he heads to his hanging death. In the movie, Capote begins to neglect the people he cares about to do whatever it takes to get the details for his novel. He convinces himself that he is just being a good friend to Smith who is in need. It portrays his true selfishness and his destructive motivations that lead him to no longer listen to those he loves and trusts. Capote rejects the wisdom of his long-term friend, Harper Lee and even of his male companion back in New York City. His male lover warns him to be careful what he does and what he does to get it. Harper Lee, his friend and associate is disgusted at Capote when he states that there was not anything that he could do to save Smith and Hickock. She replied that that fact is that he really did not want to. He unfortunately is blinded by his own ambitions and does not want to admit that he is using others around him to reach his goal. His self-centered choices negatively impact his inner-soul. The writing of this novel, In Cold Blood, changes Capote forever; it was the peak of his career that over time turns on him and escalates out of control. The movie concludes with a quote from an unfinished book â€Å"More tears are shed over answered prayers that unanswered ones. † Capote should have heeded the advice of his closest friend and lover. He did whatever he had to do to get what he wanted: a story that would revolutionize the literary world. At first, he befriends Smith to use him to get his story, however he later becomes emotionally attached and actually finds a friend. Capote got his story from Smith but at what cost? His novel changed the literary world but after all, he loses a friend and even himself. â€Å"No one will ever know what In Cold Blood took out of me,† Capote once said. â€Å"It scraped me right down to the marrow of my bones. It nearly killed me. I think, in a way, it did kill me. † How to cite In Cold Blood Paper Ap English, Papers In Cold Blood Paper Ap English Free Essays At What Cost? â€Å"No one will ever know what In Cold Blood took out of me,† Capote once said. â€Å"It scraped me right down to the marrow of my bones. It nearly killed me. We will write a custom essay sample on In Cold Blood Paper Ap English or any similar topic only for you Order Now I think, in a way, it did kill me. † Truman Capote learned his own hard lesson that â€Å"More tears are shed over answered prayers than unanswered ones† in writing In Cold Blood. Capote’s interest in writing an article on his fascination over the impact of brutal, senseless murders in a rural community rapidly transforms into pure obsession to write a novel that would revolutionize the literary world. This leads him to significantly change his behavior in a destructive manner and ultimately this negatively impacts his life. In the movie Capote, Truman blithely told Alvin Dewey, the lead investigator, â€Å"It really doesn’t make any difference to me if the case is ever solved or not. † His intentions going to Holcomb, Kansas were to produce an article that examined the effects of a brutal, senseless killing of the Clutter family on an unknown rural community. The community was inflicted with insomnia, loss of faith and trust, and suspicion which first attracted Truman to Holcomb, Kansas to write an article. Capote states â€Å"they believed that the murdered was among themselves† (Capote 88). Capote and his close novelist friend, Harper Lee, quickly forge relationships with the community to obtain stories from them. However one sees, as both the story and movie progress, Capote becomes more intrigued by the actual case, especially after meeting the murderers, developing an emotional connection with them. Capote’s literary aspirations to write an article on the impact of these murders to this community change after he meets with the detained killers, Perry Smith and Dick Hickock. Capote fosters a close, warped friendship with Smith. Capote is now entrenched into the bowels of the details of the murders and in the mind of Smith so he decides that he must write a novel. His goal is to now publish an award winning non-fiction novel, In Cold Blood. Capote’s motives are now altered and he will do whatever it takes to write a critically acclaimed novel. After Smith and Hickock are sentenced to death, Capote realizes for his novel to be a success that he needs to keep them off of death row as long as possible so that he can obtain all possible gruesome details and their inner thoughts. To do this, Capote decides to hire them high- powered lawyers. He begins to relate with Smith on a personal level to get all important details for his novel and he actually allows himself to become psychologically attached. Capote and Smith shared similar troubled childhoods as they both were neglected by reckless mothers. He realizes that he could have become like Smith and no longer sees Smith as a monster. By personally connecting with Smith is a twisted way, Capote becomes obsessed with the whole case and it changes his behavior and his life. Capote reveals several character flaws in his pursuit of writing an award winning novel. He quickly learns to lie to obtain information and does not seem to have any issue in exaggerating facts or even manipulating those that he is interviewing. An example of this behavior is when Smith confronts Capote about the title of his book and Capote lies stating that his editor named the book. He even stoops to unethical behavior when he bribes a prison warden at Leavenworth with money so that he has unlimited access to meet with Smith. It was callous knowing that Capote was on precipice of his utmost success in his career as Smith says goodbye to Capote as he heads to his hanging death. In the movie, Capote begins to neglect the people he cares about to do whatever it takes to get the details for his novel. He convinces himself that he is just being a good friend to Smith who is in need. It portrays his true selfishness and his destructive motivations that lead him to no longer listen to those he loves and trusts. Capote rejects the wisdom of his long-term friend, Harper Lee and even of his male companion back in New York City. His male lover warns him to be careful what he does and what he does to get it. Harper Lee, his friend and associate is disgusted at Capote when he states that there was not anything that he could do to save Smith and Hickock. She replied that that fact is that he really did not want to. He unfortunately is blinded by his own ambitions and does not want to admit that he is using others around him to reach his goal. His self-centered choices negatively impact his inner-soul. The writing of this novel, In Cold Blood, changes Capote forever; it was the peak of his career that over time turns on him and escalates out of control. The movie concludes with a quote from an unfinished book â€Å"More tears are shed over answered prayers that unanswered ones. † Capote should have heeded the advice of his closest friend and lover. He did whatever he had to do to get what he wanted: a story that would revolutionize the literary world. At first, he befriends Smith to use him to get his story, however he later becomes emotionally attached and actually finds a friend. Capote got his story from Smith but at what cost? His novel changed the literary world but after all, he loses a friend and even himself. â€Å"No one will ever know what In Cold Blood took out of me,† Capote once said. â€Å"It scraped me right down to the marrow of my bones. It nearly killed me. I think, in a way, it did kill me. † How to cite In Cold Blood Paper Ap English, Essay examples

It Network for Data Speed and Network Architecture - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theIt Network for Data Speed and Network Architecture. Answer: Introduction The following assignment is the analysis how an organization can improve its business operation. This assignment discusses about an biomedical software developer organization who needs to update its business operation in terms of communication , data speed ,network architecture (Diebold and Y?lmaz 2014). The assignment enlist the benefits of adopting 2012 version of the Microsoft excel and finally enlists the ways the organization can update its business operation. Analysis of User Requirements Business goals The company in the given assignment is a biomedical software development company which designs software for the biomedical machine. The company is still using the window 2008 server. The organization is currently small which has only 250 customers and over 30 to 40 computers in the two building. The network of the network of the organization is a simple hub with a switch in the server. The description described is suitable for organization which has fewer employees and there is not much computer work. Technical goals The described company the vision of the expansion for the company so if they maintain same network various difficulties can arise: Firstly if the software project in the company starts to increase then the company will require more employees to complete their project. If the company hires more employees than it needs to change its network system so that each employee can have access to faster network system or else there will not be efficient exchange of the data (Mller, Lederer and Timmerer 2012). Thirdly if the project increases then the employees needs to work for a longer time so they require a laptop which will enable them to work efficiently. Fourthly the organization is using the window server 2008 for their operation in the business which is not capable to work efficiently if the business is expanding. Description Analysis of Current Setup Difference between the window server 2008 and the window server 2012 The international information service in the window server is of 7.0 versions while the window server 2012 is of the 8.0 version. The main function of the IIS is that it contains the information regarding the file contents and its related securities identities. It also checks which URLs can be mapped into an applications.IIS can support various applications of the Microsoft such as shade point or the visual studio (Mao and Humphrey 2012). Thus the 2012 version of the window server has better application of the IIS then the 2008 version. In the 2008 version of the window server it supports the 32 bit and 64 bit operating system operating system while the 2012 version supports only the 64 bits operating systems which earn that the 2012 version of the Microsoft has the capability of handling more compute data and data storage at a time than the previous version thus makes the system more fast and efficient (Foster, Koprowski and Skufca 2014). Direct access is another feature which is much easier to use then the previous version. Direct action refers to unified remote access which has the feature of the VPN. It mainly provides the internet connectivity to the users which are connected to the internet (Prli? and Procter 2012). It is much different from the VPN technology which is used and terminated by the external action of the user. Direct access enables an automatic connection to the internet as soon as the systems get connected through the internet. Thus using a 2012 version of the window version will allow better speed store large data at a time and better connection to the internet then the previous one to adapt the changes the executives want for the company. The current structure of the company has a single router for all the three LANs in the network. It can only operate the desktops with a 2008 version of the window server. The company is mainly focused on the production part and do not require computer works. The company now wants to expand its network and has various upgrading plans in its mind for the business: Firstly it wants that all the software developers should be issued with laptops or I-pads. For this company firstly needs to upgrade to the 2012 version of the Microsoft which will enable the direct access. It also needs to install wifi and to have a server in each room for faster and efficient exchange of the data. Secondly computer wants two computer rooms with software programmers and web designers so it needs more ISP and wifi for faster internet services and network topology for this system should be fully connected architecture (Burt 2013). Since the organization has only 60 computers a fully connected architecture is possible. Thirdly the organization wants an efficient communication between the two building and its employees. So it is suggested that the organization should adopt ERP (enterprise resource planning) software. An ERP is the software which will connect all the sectors of the business like so there will be efficient communication between its employees. Lastly the organization demands an efficient video conferencing for its business. So firstly it requires a strong internet connection between its branch offices and secondly it requires software for the video conferencing (Uaktrk and Villard 2013). The best software in the video conferencing field is the Skype. The Skype software mostly used in business organization and it will be efficient for the company to use in its business. Conclusion From the assignment it can be concluded that for the company to upgrade its business process. Firstly it had to upgrade to the 2012 version of the Microsoft server. Secondly it needs to install more servers and not have a single switch for an entire network. Thirdly for the organization to adopt laptops and ipads it need the upgrade version of the Microsoft excel. Fourthly for faster and efficient exchange of the information the 2012 version of the Microsoft excel works in 64 bit operating system. Lastly for an efficient exchange of information lastly it needs to adopt and interconnected network architecture and to install an ERP system to for efficient exchange of information between its branch office and within the organization. References Antoniadis, I., Tsiakiris, T. and Tsopogloy, S., 2015. Business intelligence during times of crisis: Adoption and usage of ERP systems by SMEs.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,175, pp.299-307. Burt, R.S., 2013.Toward a structural theory of action: Network models of social structure, perception and action. Academic Press. Diebold, F.X. and Y?lmaz, K., 2014. On the network topology of variance decompositions: Measuring the connectedness of financial firms.Journal of Econometrics,182(1), pp.119-134. Foster, K.R., Koprowski, R. and Skufca, J.D., 2014. Machine learning, medical diagnosis, and biomedical engineering research-commentary.Biomedical engineering online,13(1), p.94. Mao, M. and Humphrey, M., 2012, June. A performance study on the vm startup time in the cloud. InCloud Computing (CLOUD), 2012 IEEE 5th International Conference on(pp. 423-430). IEEE. Mller, C., Lederer, S. and Timmerer, C., 2012, February. An evaluation of dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP in vehicular environments. InProceedings of the 4th Workshop on Mobile Video(pp. 37-42). ACM. Prli?, A. and Procter, J.B., 2012. Ten simple rules for the open development of scientific software.PLoS computational biology,8(12), p.e1002802. Uaktrk, A. and Villard, M., 2013. The effects of management information and ERP systems on strategic knowledge management and decision-making.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,99, pp.1035-1043.

Art Project 4 Example

Art Project 4 Example Art Project 4 – Term Paper Example Walt Disney Walter Elias Disney is known to be the remarkable artist of the 20th century whohas gifted the world with the ever-glowing shine of cartoons and animated movies. He had the vision to see an object on the land and ability to sketch it down on a sheet. He engaged his growing years in getting perfect over fine arts and got himself into the making of short animated stories for local businesses company, Laugh-O-Grams in Kansas City. His career started from ‘The Alice Comedies’ (Brad, pp. 56-60), which was not completed because the company got bankrupt, and thus, he went to Hollywood for the fulfillment of his dreams. There he completed his series and found the most amazing character, ‘Mickey Mouse’ that became the world’s first synchronized sound cartoon released in New York on November 18, 1928 (Brad, pp. 23-25).In 1937, he released the ‘Old Mill.’ Then in the year 1937, came the ‘Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs’ that brought immense revenue and fame for Disney. The animated cartoons were developed in his Walt Disney Studios and in the next five years, he made Pinocchio, Fantasia, Dumbo, and Bambi. His production house made a number of other musical animated hits such as ‘The three Callaberos’ and many more. Furthermore, he brought in the Technicolor programming and was the first one in the full color television programming in 1954. In 1961, he started an institute â€Å"California Institute of The Arts† (Thomas, pp. 45-49) for the development of the artistic nature in the students. His most acclaimed contribution has been the making of Disney World, the theme park, amusement park, with motels and resorts formed during the period of 1965-1971, which was completed after his demise in 1966 (Thomas, pp. 39-42). The works of Walt Disney are an exception. Creating an idea into a real visual feature is astounding. The color, the energy, the spirit, and the theme he put up with his work have not been conceived by anyone until now. Mickey mouse is known to every age group and is still watched with excitement. The long nose of Pinocchio is still taught as a lesson to children for if they say a lie, their nose will be like Pinocchio. Walt Disney works bought in the charisma and joy to the theatres, as well as to homes. With the creation of Disney land, the people around the world come there and consider them as a part of the Walt’s life and creations. His innovative ideas have made the world come closer, spreading happiness, and making the world a better and a loving place to live.Brad A. Walt Disney biography. Thomson Learning, 2000. Thomas, Bob. Walt Disney: an American Original. Springer, 1999.

Free Essays on Civilizations

CIVILIZATION The term â€Å"civilization† means an advanced state of intellectual, cultural and material development in human society, marked by progress in the arts and sciences, the extensive use of record-keeping, including writing and the appearance of complex political and social institutions. The following elements make up a civilization: Cities - Man becomes settled. Cities and towns are built, become larger and densely occupied dwelling areas are accessed by winding streets and irrigation systems are developed to cultivate the land and grow food. There is a general improvement in the standard of living so man stays home more. Specialization of Labor – Overpopulation encourages man to find new food sources, hence, he becomes a food producer. This gives birth to the Agricultural Revolution. Also, the domestication of animals is known as the Pastoral Revolution. Some people are farmers but a significant portion of the population could now become non-agriculturists and become specialists in other vocations. Weaving, pottery making, metal-work, trade and construction are a few examples of specializations of labor. Writing - Not only is a common language being shared, token and ball systems are replaced by flat tablets which have desired information inscribed on it by way of appropriate symbols written with sticks. This form of writing was replaced by using a durable reed stylus known as Cuneiform. However, it was hard to draw pictures with these reeds so symbols were invented for every vowel-consonant combination, known as Phonetic symbols. Without writing, it would be impossible to record history. Organized Government – Priests stood at the top of these highly theocratic societies. Organized warfare between nomadic people and settled people commences due to Nomadic people yearning to have what settled people have attained. Now development of armies and militia are required to keep order. M... Free Essays on Civilizations Free Essays on Civilizations CIVILIZATION The term â€Å"civilization† means an advanced state of intellectual, cultural and material development in human society, marked by progress in the arts and sciences, the extensive use of record-keeping, including writing and the appearance of complex political and social institutions. The following elements make up a civilization: Cities - Man becomes settled. Cities and towns are built, become larger and densely occupied dwelling areas are accessed by winding streets and irrigation systems are developed to cultivate the land and grow food. There is a general improvement in the standard of living so man stays home more. Specialization of Labor – Overpopulation encourages man to find new food sources, hence, he becomes a food producer. This gives birth to the Agricultural Revolution. Also, the domestication of animals is known as the Pastoral Revolution. Some people are farmers but a significant portion of the population could now become non-agriculturists and become specialists in other vocations. Weaving, pottery making, metal-work, trade and construction are a few examples of specializations of labor. Writing - Not only is a common language being shared, token and ball systems are replaced by flat tablets which have desired information inscribed on it by way of appropriate symbols written with sticks. This form of writing was replaced by using a durable reed stylus known as Cuneiform. However, it was hard to draw pictures with these reeds so symbols were invented for every vowel-consonant combination, known as Phonetic symbols. Without writing, it would be impossible to record history. Organized Government – Priests stood at the top of these highly theocratic societies. Organized warfare between nomadic people and settled people commences due to Nomadic people yearning to have what settled people have attained. Now development of armies and militia are required to keep order. M...

Guillermo furniture store Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Guillermo furniture store - Essay Example One of the options available to Guillermo in order to deal with the competition is to go high tech. However, one will have to consider whether there is a demand for these furniture that will make the use of robots feasible. As indicated in the case investing in robots and expanding the production facility is a very capital intensive exercise and therefore the volume required to make the project feasible is very important. Guillermo is currently producing 2,532 units of the Mid-Grade furniture and 506 units of the High-End furniture. If he goes hi-tech he can increase both by 50% to 3798 units of Mid-Grade and 759 units of High-End. Producing is one challenge but getting the items sold is another challenge. In order to determine whether this project is feasible a sensitivity analysis and an evaluation using net present value will be carried out. Sensitivity Analysis Sensitivity analysis performed using the information in the spreadsheet indicates that this project will not yield any p ositive returns (when combined with the current high-End operations) if production levels are not at least 14.2% above current levels. At 14.2% above current levels Guillermo would be producing 2892 units of Mid-Grade and 578 units of High-End furniture. See Appendix 1 for results. Broker Another option open to Guillermo is to become a distributor in North America for a Norwegian company. This project will involve an expansion in the facility to accommodate the increased production. It will also involve the use of robots. Sensitivity Analysis Sensitivity analysis using the information given in the excel spreadsheet indicates that Guillermo would not be able to yield any profits on being a Broker if the level of sales is not at least 38.3% above current production levels. See Appendix 1 for details. Therefore, this project will not be able to withstand any large fluctuations in demand. The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) The formula for calculating WACC is as follows: WACC = E/(D+E)re + D/(D+E) (1-T)rd = (1-L)re + L(1-T)rd Where, E is shareholders’ equity D is debt T is the tax rate L is leverage re is the cost of shareholders funds, for which ROE is used in this question ROE = (profit after tax/shareholders’ funds) x100% = 24,695/235805 x 100% = 10.5% rd is the cost of debt, for which the interest rate on the building financed 12 years ago is adjusted for a 3% per annum rate of inflation = 10..4% Leverage = D/(D + E) Leverage = 936,628/1,172,433 = 0.8 Therefore, L = 0.8 and (1-L) = 0.2 WACC = 0.2 x 10.5 + 0.8 + (1 – 0.42)10.4 = 2% + 5% = 7% This is the current WACC and is the lowest return expected. Therefore, it will be used to calculate the NPV Evaluation Techniques Emery et al (2007) states that: â€Å"when making capital budgeting decisions, a firm evaluates the expected future cash flows in relation to the required initial investment. The objective is to find investment projects that will add value to the firm.† The rol e of management is to analyze each option to determine which method would result in more profits and therefore yield more benefits for the company. There are a number of techniques available to determine which project is more feasible. These techniques include payback period, accounting rate of return (ARR), net present values (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR). The two options available to Guillermo can be assessed using these techniques. Payback Period The payback period indicates the length of time that the project takes to recover the initial investment (Brigham and Ehrhardt, 2005). This method is biased towards short term projects. â€Å"Investments with longer payback periods are often more risky than those with shorter payback periods. This is because the shorter the payback period, the lower the risk that market conditions can render the initial inv

Chinese restaurants and foods in the USA Research Paper

Chinese restaurants and foods in the USA - Research Paper Example Despite the fact that the Chinese restaurants were one of the founders of the food business in the state of California, it is important to note that there were only a few of them within the state. Most were American restaurants until in the last three decades of 19th century. There were only 14 Chinese restaurants in San Francisco by 1882 when the American congress passed the very first Chinese exclusion act. This was opposed to the over one hundred and seventy-five Chinese laundry stores that were distributed all over the town. One ought to note that it was as a result of the numerous Chinese exclusion laws that were passed between 1882 and 1904 that discouraged the expansion of the Chinese food business despite their spectacular cuisines. The disparity between the Chinese and the American eating culture was evident. It was for this reason that the Americans made rice look like the racial symbol of the Asian inferiority and beef as the American superiority. As a matter of fact, food became a racial ideology and the culture of eating rats in Chinese restaurants made the American doubtful of the hygiene in these restaurants. The Chinese culture of eating rats was perhaps the most stereotyped image in the 19th century. In 1897, a company that advertised a pest control product used an image of a Chinese man with his mouth open ready to eat a rat which was, as a matter of fact, a rodent. This was an illustration that the Chinese were perhaps the most effective in exterminating these rodents from the face of the earth.

Coccidioidomycosis Valley Fever Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Coccidioidomycosis Valley Fever - Research Paper Example It is spread through the air when its spores are disturbed by wind. It is estimated that 150,000 infections take place annually in the US, although roughly half of this do not present any symptoms. The fungus is found in South America, Central America, Mexico, and South Western US since these areas weather conditions and dust that allows for the growth of Coccidioides. People get this illness when they inhale dust that contains the spores of this fungus. This spores spread into the air when dust containing the fungus undergoes disturbance through construction work, digging, or strong winds (Williams 41). The illness is hard to prevent, and no vaccine exists at present, although efforts towards its development are continuing. This research paper seeks to use journal articles and boos to discuss the epidemiology, pathogenesis, types, diagnosis, treatment, complications, and use in biological warfare of Coccidioidomycosis. Region of Primary Location The map provided below shows areas in the Americas where mass testing has revealed valley fever as an endemic illness. Taking note of the fact that two thirds of cases in the United States are found in Arizona with Tucson and Phoenix being the most affected is essential. In California, the endemic area is Kern County (Tabor 27). There are also areas of high endemic occurrences in Northwestern Mexico, South America, and Central America. In addition, it has been known for environmental conditions to spread spores across hundreds of miles and cause infection. The mass testing that identified the primary areas has not been done again for more than 50 years. Valley fever is restricted to America with an approximated 150,000 infections every year with the infection rates in the rest of the Americas currently unknown (Tabor 27). Approximately 25,000 new cases annually in the US lead to ~75 deaths annually. There are occasional epidemics with case numbers rising in Arizona, which may be related to people immigrating there. Out side of the United States, the most affected nations are Argentina, Paraguay, Brazil, Guatemala, and Mexico. (Williams 18) Epidemiology Valley fever is confined to areas that lie between 400N and 400S. The organism is particularly supported by dry and dusty soils in the lower sonaran life zone. Incidences of the organism’s occurrence increases significantly in periods where there is heavy rain followed by dry periods (Einstein & Catanzaro 23). The fungus is known to infect majority of the mammals, especially cats, dogs, and humans. Species such as marine mammals like the sea otter, llamas, and livestock have been found to be especially vulnerable to the valley fever fungus. Pathogenesis The valley fever fungus exists in the form of filaments in lab environments and soil. Cells that are found within the hyphae, over time, degenerate and form arthroconidia that are barrel shaped cells (Stevens 1079). These cells are light in weight and are transported by wind where they are eas ily inhalable sans knowledge of the individual. Once these cells arrive in the individual’s alveoli, they become larger, developing internal septations, whose structure is referred to as spherule and develop into endospores. Once these spherules rupture, the endosperms are released with the cycle being repeated, spreading a local infection. The nodules that at times form around the spherules could rupture, and their contents released, into the bronchus, to form cavities with thin walls. These cavities led to persistent coughs, haemoptysis, and chest pain (Stevens 1079). In people whose immunity is compromised, this infection could spread through the vascular system. Presentation Valley fever tends to mimic atypical

Other Word Formation Processes English Language Essay

Other Word Formation Processes English Language Essay The language learners referred to in this essay are software engineers, in the age group of 23-26, tasked with developing software products for the travel industry. They were selected on the basis of their performance in a language assessment and identified as intermediate users of the language. All of them had studied English for 10 years in school and later at the university English was the medium of instruction. A few of them were risk takers, ready to take on tasks regardless of any mistakes they may make. There were those who were spurred on by the possibility of their deficient language skills impacting their career graph; they were also ready for self-learning and willing to take responsibility for their learning. Some were hesitant, unsure of their knowledge and afraid to make mistakes. All of them were, however, comfortable with technical language, but were very diffident to face situations that called for regular communication. They needed help with everyday vocabulary to communicate effectively with colleagues and clients. Word parts If we consider words as independent/freestanding units with meaning, a notion proposed by McCarthy (1990), then we can see that these units of meaning can further be broken down and re-combined to form other words. Though the word cancelled is an independently meaningful item, under closer observation it becomes clear that this word consists of two units cancel and the past tense marker -ed. The linguistic item cancel is a freestanding word in English, but there is no such word as -ed in English, even though -ed is a meaning-bearing unit. Such linguistic items that are not freestanding are said to be bound and these forms can occur only in combination with other forms. The two meaningful parts, cancel and -ed are called morphemes. Morphemes Katamba (2003) defines morphemes as the atoms with which words are built. Morphemes are the smallest unit of lexical and grammatical meaning and they are realized by morphs, as morphemes do not have a physical representation. A single morpheme can be manifested as multiple complementary morphs in distinct phonological or morphological contexts. Let us look at the past tense marker -ed to understand the distribution of these complementary morphs known as allomorphs. Free morphemes can stand alone as words; whereas bound morphemes such as -ed are only used in combination with other morphemes. There are word forms which have but a single unbound morpheme and others which consists of more than one morpheme. Words like talk, eat and mend are examples of freestanding morphemes and words such as predictable and reflection are formed by combining many morphemes. Affixation Affixes are bound morphemes attached to a stems either to create a new word or a word form. Affixation of morphemes can be either inflectional or derivational. Inflectional affixes Katamba (2003) posits that the English language has minimal inflections because of its tendency to be an isolating language. The few inflections it has are all suffixes. These suffixes are bound morphemes and are attached to the stem to inflect or change words to express grammatical features, such as the changes in tense, number, possession, and degrees of adjectives. There are 8 inflectional suffixes in English and they are: Derivational Affixes In English derivational affixes include both prefixes and suffixes. Katamba (2003) says that the purpose of derivation is to create lexical items and not to produce grammatical units that will fit in a given syntactic position. The three important derivational processes in English are: affixation, conversion and compounding. Affixation is one of the commonest methods of forming words in English. Derivational affixes can be either prefixes, those that are added before the base, or suffixes, that are attached after the base. Word forming processes like creating nouns from verbs, adjectives from verbs and verbs from adjectives are examples of a few derivational practices in English. Derivational affixes are different from inflexional affixes in many ways: They change the word class as well as the meaning of a word to which it is linked energy (n) +- ise -Æ’Â   energise (v) Even though they combine to create a new word they are not affected by syntactic relations outside of the word, they can be separated and recombined with other morphemes to form other combinations. Stem Suffix Derived word Govern (v) -able Governable (adj) Enjoy (v) -ment Enjoyment Derivational morphemes can be attached only to certain stems. Stem Suffix Derived word Violin -ist Violinist Drum -ist *drumist Drum -er Drummer *drumist is not an acceptable word. Other word formation processes Conversion or zero derivation is the predominant method of generating lexical items in English. In this process a lexical item is assigned to a new syntactic category. The word permit can be used either as a noun or as a verb; the phonological representation and the grammatical context in which it is placed are the two aspects that can alert the change in the word-class. (Permit (v) and perMit (n). Crystal (2012) quotes from Shakespeare, Petruchio is Kated as an example of conversion the name of a person becoming a verb to further his argument that conversion was a customary word-formation process even during Shakespeares time. Compounding is the process of joining two bases to create a new word; of the two words, one which is syntactically dominant is considered the head and the other as the modifier. Generally the modifier is placed in front of the head and any suffix that might later be added to the compound word is attached to the head. Compound words are different from phrases; the meaning of a compound word, unlike a phrase, is not the sum of the meaning of the base units that form the word. Iin a compound word the primary stress is on the first word and in a phrase the primary stress is on the last word. Phrase Compound word Meaning of the compound . Blue print Blueprint an early plan or design for a project green house Greenhouse a building used for growing plants that need warmth Should word parts be learned? A cost/benefit analysis of the learning of word parts should be reason enough for a learner of English language to study word parts. Nation quotes from Roberts (1964), Grinstead (1925) and Bird (1987,1990) to point out that around 60% of the English vocabulary is derived from German, French, Latin and Greek and that a large proportion of these words make use of affixes. The analysis of the LOB Corpus carried out by Bird revealed that 97% of the words in the LOB corpus were derived from around 2,000 roots. Nation maintains that the origins of the English vocabulary and the frequency of word parts validate the study of word parts. The two arguments levelled against the teaching/learning of word parts are based on the contention that, the effort involved in learning word parts is not commensurate with language output. A word is not a sum of its parts The first argument against the teaching of word parts is that the meaning of a word is not the sum of its parts (Deighton, 1970); This argument has been countered by White, Power and White (1989) drawing on their own as well as Nagy and Andersons (1984) empirical evidence that most of the affixed words probably at least 80% convey the meaning their parts suggest. Katamba (2003) argues that compositionality is the key to understanding a word. He says that if we know the meaning of the smaller units which make up the larger units we can decipher the meaning of the whole. For example, if we know the meaning of the suffix -ful (filled with x), and the meaning of the base to which these suffixes are attached, then the meaning of words like useful, careful, fearful and cheerful become self-explanatory. Most of the morphemes that form a word have regular/stable meaning; for example, the prefix re- means again in almost all the words in which it occurs. In the light of the empirical evidence and the example we saw we can conclude that the meaning of most of the English words is what its parts suggest and therefore knowledge of the meaning of the parts can help a learner understand a word across contexts and usage. If we were to extend this argument further we could say that this knowledge along with the contextual clues would be useful in decoding even the metaphorical meaning of a word; a head hunter would thus lose the sinister overtones of the past and acquire the current meaning of someone who recruits people into key business positions. Word families in the lexicon The next argument against teaching/learning of word parts is that the knowing the parts of a word may not familiarise a learner with all the members of that word family (Schmitt 1998, 1999, Schmitt Meara 1997). Nation argues that the notion of word family is psychologically real and a word is to be seen as a member of a word family. Knowledge of the word parts can help the learners understand a word in its relation to the other members of the family. For instance, knowledge of the various inflections of English and the meaning of the base of the word predict can familiarise a learner with all the possible combinations (family members) of predict; predict- predicted- predicting- predictable and prediction are just some of the members of that family. Nagy, Anderson, Schommer, Scott, and Stallman (1989) points out that the speed of recognition of a word is based on the frequency of occurrence of the members of that word family. They quote the findings of Stanners, Neiser, Hernon, Hall (1979) to advance their argument that related words are linked in the mental lexicon. So there are linked entries for create, creates created and creation and accessing any word from this family can partly activate other family members. Word parts are not just linked in the mental lexicon, but morphologically ordered to represent the relation. Interpreting the meaning Another argument against learning word parts is that L2 learners using this for guessing the meaning of a word might cause the learner to misinterpret the word. Schmitt quotes Haynes (1993) to validate this argument; Haynes found that learners continued with the wrong meaning even though it didnt contribute to the context. For example Inflammable is often misinterpreted to mean non-flammable. Clarke and Nation (1980) caution that word parts strategy should be used to verify the guesses drawn from the context. Furthermore, knowledge of the word parts empowers the learner by teaching him to apply his understanding at the receptive and productive level. At the receptive level it teaches him a) to identify the different components of a complex word, b) to be aware that these word parts can be used to make other words, c) how the meaning of the different parts combine to make a new meaning, and d) how the sum of the parts relates to the dictionary meaning. At the productive level it makes him aware of how the formal changes can affect the spelling, pronunciation and the word class of the base when a complex word is formed. (Nation) The challenges Learning word parts presents a set of challenges to language learners. The greatest challenge is that of time and exposure. Studies conducted by Nagy, Diakody, Anderson (1993) point out that L1 learners do not acquire proficiency in morphology until their high school; if this takes so long to develop in L1 learners despite their advantage of maximum exposure, then L2 learners are likely to take more time to learn this aspect (Schmitt). Even though the learners in my group had studied English for ten years, they have learned inflectional suffixes only as part of grammar exercises and have never been explicitly taught derivational affixes. Their exposure to morphological forms was not commensurate with the duration of their study. They have used these forms productively without much knowledge about the rules that guide most of these formations; Though I have putted remainders for this tasks, accidently the remainder was unanswered; the meeting is preponed to three in the afternoon, he is very confidential during presentations are examples of the common errors. Schmitt points out that lack of consistency in affixation can cause problems even if the meaning of the parts is clear. He gives the example of the suffix -ist. Stem Suffix derived word Cycle -ist Cyclist Act -ist *actist Act -or Actor Another challenge for the L2 learner is the lack of awareness that not all words can be broken into parts. Learners sometimes try to decompose words like refuse, repel, repeat, revamp and attempt to use the perceived stem, resulting in a meaningless word. Learners often have difficulty with the formal changes that occur with affixation in spelling and pronunciation. Some derivational affixes lack consistent spelling and has to be learned individually. base suffix word suggest -able suggestible afford -able affordable Gairns Redman notes that affixation sometimes produces changes in stress and sounds in a word. democrat /demÉâ„ ¢kraet/ democratic /demÉâ„ ¢kraetÄÂ ±k/ democracy /dÄÂ ±mÉ’krÉâ„ ¢sÄÂ ±/ Derivational suffixes need to be do not follow rules strategies- guidelines how A good starting point for any teacher wishing to remedy this situation would be to train the learners to break, the complex words that are already known to the learner, into its components and to help them understand the functional meaning of these components. encourage the learners to become more aware of these morphological instill in the mond of the learner that all aspects of language learning is incremental an beA teachers task has probably never been well defines as in this situation Language learning is incremental A good game plan to remedy t Nation suggests that learners should be taught complex words as unanalyzed wholes before they begin to analyze word parts. teacher I would explicit teaching of select morphological units appropriate to the learner level, training the learners the .A teacher needs to introduce the learners to complex words before they are trained to analyse the different parts of that word. Because morphological acquisition is incremental in nature explicit teaching of level suitable affixes ,encouraging them to notice the correct forms encountered in newspapers regular exposure through exercises and receptive material. This rules out the possibility of a completely graded approach; instead I would collect words for analysis from their Collocation Time consuming Not all words can be broken into parts Affixes are not transparent Some affixes are used mor frequently than others so need to be selective Guessing a wrong meaning and sticking on with that explanation even though it made no sense. (Haynes 1993) -Clarke and Nation (1980)- word parts best used to confirm/verify the meaning. Difficulty in guessing the word class deciding on an appropriate stress, formal changes in spelling, phonetics and word forms Derivational suffixes need to be learned individually do not follow rules strategies- guidelines how Furthermore, it empowers the learner by teaching him to apply his understanding at the receptive and productive level. At the receptive level it teaches him a) to identify the different components of a complex word, b) to be aware that these word parts can be used to make other words, c) how the meaning of the different parts combine to make a new meaning, and d) how the sum of the parts relates to the dictionary meaning. At the productive level it makes him aware of how the formal changes can affect the spelling, pronunciation and the word class of the base when a complex word is formed. (Nation)

Educational Goals and Philosophy Essay -- Education Teaching Essays

Educational Goals and Philosophy As a student of education, I have been able to gather many ideas and opinions about practices and ideals I want to implement in my future classroom. My philosophies about education are still being formed and continually change with every class I visit and with every educator I encounter. My ideas, admittedly, come from random experiences and intangible texts, but as I gain more experience in the field through my courses, my philosophies about teaching will become more clearly defined. These few ideas I have now will undoubtedly be added upon as I enter student teaching and my professional career, nevertheless, they are concepts of which I hope to never lose sight. I believe teaching is a privilege and a serious profession. There are few other careers in which you have as great of an effect on other people. The responsibility is great and I take it very seriously. At the same time teaching can be fun and intellectually stimulating. As a teacher, I will have the opportunity to explore and define a subject area that I have committed my career to---Science. What better way to show my enthusiasm for the subject than to teach it? Additionally, I know that there is nothing more rewarding than reaching a student through my teaching and having a profound influence on their curiosity. Good teaching should extend beyond the classroom, and it will if students are inspired to continue their studies on their own. Honestly, I believe that there is no other job that is equally as rewarding. Science education often receives an inaccurate stereotype of being boring or too complex for the average person to comprehend. I have an extreme passion for Science and teaching. ... ...wish to pursue board certification from the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards after I have taught for three years. It is important to me that I never stop learning. I want to exude this quality for the well being of myself and for my students. Maybe through me, students will see that education is not a hassle, but a completely rewarding experience. My philosophy of education has been shaped by experiences within my own life and education, as well as learning about education in college. As I enter the profession, my philosophy will most likely evolve somewhat as I grow and gain experiences as a teacher in the classroom. However, the foundations of my educational philosophy will continue to guide me in the way which I will interact with students and teach within my classroom.

Injustice and Justice

Injustice anywhere is a threat to Justice everywhere In the name of ALLAH the most gracious the most merciful, the Omnipresent and Omnipotent. Mr. President sir, honourable chief guest, worthy opponents and future scholars. â€Å"O believers! Be firm in justice as witnesses for God, even in cases against yourselves, your parents or your kin† â€Å"Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. † These powerful words were said by one of American best known advocate of equal rights – Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. According to him, all humans are caught in a patent network of sympathy.Whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly. Hence injustice with one individual of a society can affect the life of other individuals of the society. Dear audience lets first talk about what justice really is. Justice is the ideal, morally correct state of things and persons. Justice is action in accordance with the requirements of some law. Whether these rules are grou nded in human consensus or social norms, they are supposed to ensure that all members of society receive fair treatment. Justice is distinguished from other ethical standards as required.Justice is linked conceptually, to the idea of justification: having and giving decisive reasons for one's beliefs and actions. So, attempts to understand justice are typically attempts to discover the justification – the source or basis – of justice, and therefore to account for (or disprove) its vast importance. Justice is the foundation on which the edifice of the society stands. Justice,Pakistan. Justice is perhaps the most important of the supreme values of Islam. In fact, it can be said that the main purpose of disclosure and the tasks of Prophets (alayhum salam) has been to establish Justice.Justice is the building block of the society and it is directly proportional to the truth, in order to keep check and balance in the society it is essential to maintain justice. Justice so c alled as ADAL can be seen in the early Arabian era when Hazarat Umar (R. A) was the governor General of Islamic Society. The whole society was propagated due to justified principles and teaching of Islam. He was the only ruler ever to admit that even if a dog died of hunger on the banks of river Tigris during his rule, he would be held answerable to Almighty ALLAH.It was the true spirit of justice, what the leaders of the modern world lake. Justice is like the life blood of the society which can be thick or thin, periodically, but its viscosity have a great impact in the life of the people. Justice is the first principle of social life. It can be shown to govern all relations in life: between ruler and ruled, rich and poor, husband and wife, parents and children. In all our dealings, we are required to stand firmly for justice even if it is against our own benefits.Dear youngsters of 21st century, our country, Pakistan, is facing a severe problem of bloodshed, illegal killings, suic ide bomb blast, terrorism etc. only due to the unjustified policies. Economic injustice involves the state's failure to provide individuals with basic necessities of life, such as access to adequate food and housing, and its maintenance of huge discrepancies in wealth. In the most extreme cases of misdistribution, some individuals suffer from poverty while the elite of that society live in relative luxury.Such injustice can stem from unfair hiring procedures, lack of available jobs and education, and insufficient health care. All of these conditions may lead individuals to believe that they have not received a â€Å"fair share† of the benefits and resources available in that society. Political injustice involves the violation of individual liberties, including the denial of voting rights or due process, infringements on rights to freedom of speech or religion, and inadequate protection from cruel and unusual punishment.Such injustice often stems from unfair procedures, and in volves political systems in which some but not others are allowed to have voice and representation in the processes and decisions that affect them. This sort of procedural injustice can contribute to serious social problems as well as political ones. any procedures that are carried out in a biased manner are likely to contribute to problems of religious, ethnic, gender, or race discrimination. In Pakistan our law is like a cobweb it sticks to the weaker ones but the stronger ones break it off.When the procedure in question has to do with employment or wages, such issues can lead to serious economic and social problems. In the nutshell, by setting examples of injustice we are actually creating fear in the society to fight for their basic rights. This fear is one of the major causes of our poor economy and this is the vital reason, why we are left behind from other countries. We have to make firm believe on it that Allah. It is an old saying that â€Å"absence of war does not mean pe ace, its only due to presence of justice. † Thankyou†¦

Winning Argumentative Essay Topics for Students †Pro-Academic-Writers.com

Winning Argumentative Essay Topics for Students An argumentative essay is a special type of essay which requires students to argue with the existing points of view in order to prove the truth of their own position. Usually, there are no 100% right or 100% wrong positions. The chosen topics should be yet contradictive and debatable. To prove his or her own position, a student is encouraged to use various sources that are dated no more than five years. Otherwise, the information may be too old to use. It is especially crucial for various statistics and data for the certain period. The main goal of all argumentative topics is to convince the target audience in the authenticity of the author’s judgments. To look more professional, argumentative topics should be supported by the arguments for and against. This way a student shows his awareness of the discussed field. To decide which argument to include, students have to start with conducting an in-depth research. They should study all sides of the given issue. The final purpose of the paper is to make an educated stance. The evidence should include observations, studies, reports, statistics, articles, and other papers published by scientists or legal entities like the government. These primary sources are no doubt the most reliable sources of information for all argumentative topics. The organization of the argumentative topics essay is rather complicated. You may find it here. But it is still better to have a look at one of the online examples to survive with the highest possible grade. How to Choose Argumentative Essay Topics Wisely? Argumentative paper on any subjects should inspire the audience to: Read the entire text Participate in the discussion or even make it To debate and argue Thus, the ideas should be selected carefully. The first stage is usually the most important when speaking about argumentative essays. If you are not assigned a particular theme, you may go on searching for the inspiring topics on your own. It’s not that hard if you have an internet access or opportunity to visit libraries. Check out the newspapers and magazine archives to grab the best ideas for your argumentative piece. Look at their date! A bad idea is to consider sensitive and biased topics like: nationality race gender social status relationships between two humans religion politics The good idea is to talk about things that encourage people to argue with each other without turning them enemies. Try to avoid hostile topics in favor of less biased ones: music, laws, history, food preferences, books, etc. Involve all your consideration and pick familiar topics for your argumentative essays. Choosing an emotional topic is a nice way out, but you should not do it if you are not an expert in the field. If you want a paper on the topic you are not sure about, contact online writing service to get proper help. List of the Best Argumentative Topics Simple Argumentative Essay Topics (Elementary Middle School) Should young students ask their parents to be allowed to purchase contraceptives? Should people be encouraged to drink less with the help of special laws? Should college education be made obligatory? Middle-level Complexity (Argumentative Essay Topics for College) The Difference between Moral and Non-Moral Issue Can military intervention in Syria be justified? Are parents responsible for the criminal actions of their children? Is GPA enough to successfully pass application process? Advanced-level Ideas for Argumentative Essay Is Career Choice Impacting Applicants Heavily? How Do Cultural Aspects Influence Management Decisions? Was the last presidential election in the United States fair? Do film celebrities make too much money unfairly? Funny Ideas for Argumentative Paper How to make money on joking videos on YouTube? What is the worst motion picture ever? Who is the best comedian actor and why? Topics for Any Life Situation Violent video games are not the main cause of Columbine High School massacre Gender Studies was initiated by the feminist group and should not be studied to teenagers Should people make abortions illegal? Bioethics How can activists ban the usage of wild animals for research purposes? Cloning any living creatures must be forbidden Computer Science/IT Is Google staff right in increasing privacy and security? Copyright violation: is there a way to withstand this problem? Should YouTube comments be strictly monitored and deleted if needed? The Internet today involves more risks than benefits. Law and Political Science Argumentative Topics Is gun control the best method to reduce criminal activity? Should governments support same-sex marriages everywhere? How should smoking and drinking in public places be punished? The problem of too over-regulated community Legalization of marijuana: pros and cons Ecology The essence of cross-cultural marriages Why women participate in criminal activity less than men Remote learning is more efficient than the traditional classes Violence in the media: its hidden dangers Media Studies Media impact on the teen’s development The role of rock and metal music in the life of school students Organization and Format of an Argumentative Paper                                                                                                                Argumentative Essay Structure for Any Topics Beginning paragraph   (introduction)                                        3-5 body paragraphs Conclusion Summary of the target topics, their role in society. End up with a thesis statement (the last one in the first paragraph) List the arguments that support your main idea best of all. Students have to support each of them with up-to-date sources (evidence) The support should be logical. Focus on proved facts, analytics, statistics, official data, etc. The student must synthesize the information recalled in the body paragraphsÃ'Ž. How to Use So-Called Connection Words Correctly When you construct an argumentative essay, it does not really matter which topics you describe. To unite all body paragraphs with the introduction and conclusion, use transition words. Then all paragraphs and sentences will function as one whole. Function Connection Word Addition In addition; and; additionally; as well as; identically; along with; likewise; too; also; together with Contrast Above all; different from; despite; although this may be true; on the contrary; in spite of; on the other hand; however; besides; but; otherwise; whereas Cause or Target Because of; so long as; due to; given that; with this in mind; provided that; when; unless; in case; with this in mind Examples or Evidence Truly; another key point; by all means; chiefly; for instance; especially; specifically; to point out; in other words Outcomes Due to the fact that; accordingly; consequently; hence; as a result; in effect; in that case Conclusion/Summary All things considered; to sum up; as can be seen; so summarize; after all; in the end As you can see, writing an argumentative essay on most of the available topics is a time-consuming process which requires a lot of efforts and skills it is worth trying as you can gain unforgettable experience. Students should mind English grammar, spelling, punctuation, and vocabulary usage when working on their drafts. Style is also crucial. Avoid plagiarism. Those are the main rules. If you still feel unsure about the particular writing task, you can download the good topics ideas or simply order an argumentative essay written from scratch by the amazing writers from this site.

compcontslave revolt essays

compcontslave revolt essays The American Civil War was inevitable and had numerous causes that led to it. This paper will discuss three important causes of the war the invention of the cotton gin, Nat Turner's rebellion, and the abolitionist movement toward ending slavery. There are many causes of the war, but I feel these three are substantial causes. Each of these events or movements created more tension between the North and the South and eventually war was unavoidable. The invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney had a great effect on slavery and agriculture in the South. The cotton gin was a machine that removed the seeds from the cotton. Removing the seeds from the cotton was a long and tedious process. This invention made processing cotton relatively fast and easy. The cotton gin's speed allowed the cotton plantations to produce massive amounts of cotton. This became very profitable. To support the harvesting of all of the cotton, more slaves were needed to run the cotton gins and harvest the cotton. This brought more slaves to America and boosted the population of slaves in the South. The increased number of slaves in the South actually helped heighten the problem with slavery. Slavery was becoming more evident and people were becoming more aware that slavery was wrong in both the North and the South. The next cause was a slave named Nat Turner and his actions. Nat was a slave who had found God and religion. Gradually he built a religious following that justified a slave revolt. On August 13, 1831, Turner says he saw a halo around the sun. He thought that this was a sign from God to begin the revolt. This was the beginning of Nat Turner's rebellion. On August 22, 1831, Nat Turner led eight slaves to the Travis's residence, a white family, and murdered five members of their family. The slaves then moved across the county murdering white plantation owners, their families, and other whites that crossed their path. A ...

Jazz Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Jazz - Article Example The video refers to the Miles Davis performance of â€Å"Around Midnight† in Berlin, Germany, which he takes us through a story by the expressions that can be perceived through Jazz music. Miles Davis one of the most famous jazz players worked on the modern jazz musical concepts that have helped to grow this genre to a next level. One of the most interesting aspects of jazz music is the level to which the genre continues to grow and redefine itself long after its heyday of popularity. Whereas the full music of the hippie movement has long since faded into the past, the music of the roaring 20s has been lost from memory, and the music that brought a nation together during the Second World War has been forgotten, jazz continues to maintain a subculture of popularity, continues to be performed by a wide range musicians, and continues to redevelop and reengineer the means by which it sounds on nearly a continual level. The very first jazz melody â€Å"Agitation† gives the l istener a very exotic feeling by using his trumpet. It combines the different aspects from the musical perspectives. The song follows quick transitions with specific background sounds. The background music keeps the flow of the music steady and continuous. The trumpet is used throughout the music owing to its main emphasis on the intensity to the certain point it shows. In much the same way that saxophone is used within other jazz pieces to represent the missing vocalist, the trumpet within this particular piece gives the depth and complexity that a vocalist might give. Miles Davis improvisation in this specific type of Jazz know as Modal Jazz music has helped specifically to stretch out the harmony of the music into certain parts which makes the it more systematic and helps the music to proceed in an organized manner. Miles Davis stretched out certain improvements in different types of Jazz music, such as bebop, hard bop, cool jazz, modal jazz and jazz fusion. This specific piece f rom Miles Davis joins in with different instruments to give the feel of the environment producing a story of its sort. Ultimately Miles Davis exhibits the ability of the genre jazz to continue to reinvent itself and provide new forms of fusion between bebop, hard bop, cool jazz, modal jazz, and jazz fusion. In such a way, the full depth of evolution of this particular genre is aptly demonstrated to the reader. This modal jazz requires knowledge of musical nodes beforehand. Miles Davis, the most well-known protagonist of Jazz Music history had been on top of creating creative method for Modal Jazz. The video specifically has piano to create the specific background rhyme to the music that follows throughout the length of the video. Throughout the video there are specific changes in the chords, which at times follow a certain transition and after a break follow another set of harmonies. What can be understood with regards to jazz is that it has the unique ability to incorporate a range of different ideas concepts and emotions within a single piece and somehow wrap them up altogether so that they work cohesively. This is of course unique as compared to many other forms of music due to the fact that the average three-minute song only has a chorus are melody that exists for the space of about 15 to 20 seconds. Although the purpose of this analysis is not cheap and aspects of popular music that

Nursing contribution to patient recovery from anaesthesia Essay

Nursing contribution to patient recovery from anaesthesia - Essay Example The key objective of nursing care during the post-anesthetic period is hence centered on ensuring safe recovery of patients following surgery, promoting optimum physical comfort to enable speedier healing among the patients, restoring homeostasis (Miller, 2010) and taking active steps to prevent and/or minimize injuries. Perianesthesia nurses are entrusted with the responsibility of ensuring that the patient recovers safely from anesthesia and are taken care of in the post anesthetic care unit. The patients recovering from anesthesia are highly vulnerable to various complications. The perioperative nurses must hence ensure to take into consideration the patient's age, anesthetic agents, individual health problems etc which may directly impact the post-operative care and give rise to complications such as the risk of hypotension, bronchospasm, etc (Iyer, Levin, and Shea, 2006). The post anesthesia care is typically divided into three phases which include: Phase 1: Early recovery PACU In this stage the patient is transferred from the OR (operating room) to the Post-anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) and provided medical assistance immediately after the completion of a surgical procedure (Day, Paul, and Williams, 2009). This phase entails provision of intensive medical care to the patients which is the primary responsibility of the anesthesiologist or anesthetist (O'Connell et al., 2010). Phase 2: Self-care phase / Recovery room In this stage the patient is prepared for self-care or administered care in an extended care setting. The recovery stage may last for several days depending on individual circumstances of each patient (Day, Paul, and Williams, 2009). Phase 3: Discharge In this phase the patient is prepared for discharge from the hospital setting. This phase includes careful planning and handling on the part of the care givers which includes ensuring that the patient is fully restored to their pre-operative stage before discharge (Day, Paul, and Williams, 2009). F ig: Patient recovery from anesthesia – Recovery stage Source: Day, Paul, and Williams (2009: 501) The key role of nurses in ensuring effective recovery of patients from anesthesia is discussed in detail in the following section. Role of recovery nurse in ensuring patient recovery from anesthesia: One of the key requirements of ensuring effective patient recovery from anesthesia is to ensure that nurses have adequate knowledge and awareness regarding the patient's level of anesthesia since such awareness helps them to plan and develop appropriate safety measures (Spry, 2005). The perioperative or post-anesthesia care is one of the vital elements of nursing care. The traditional role and scope of recovery nursing has changed dramatically over the years with the result that the nurses today are required to provide high quality care and display advanced nursing skills with a view to ensure patient safety and speedier recovery. As the complexity of operating procedures increase, t he role of recovery nurses providing post operative care to patients recovering from anesthesia is becoming more and more challenging. The introduction of advanced surgical technology and anesthetic techniques have brought about significant revolutions in enhancing patient satisfaction and shifted the role of nurses from ensuring regular

Globalisation Of Marketing Design and Innovation Dissertation

Globalisation Of Marketing Design and Innovation - Dissertation Example According to Doyle, innovation, as a marketing strategy, has several times proved to be the key factor to reward success to many businesses. It is also considered to be the path of attaining higher growth in terms of sales, market shares, and others. However, innovation can be referred to as the development of a newly designed product, marketing channels, and marketing concepts. Thus, innovation in marketing can be stated as one of the crucial elements to achieve an efficient competitive advantage and growth. This statement can be well-observed in the case of television industry where analysts claim to witness an extraordinary chain of innovations which brought about changes in shape, color, size and other features of the genre. For instance, Lachenbruch stated that in its performance from 1953 to 1956 the television industry reached its maturity similar to radio and phonograph industries. It was the period when almost every household in America had a television set in their living r oom and thus sales of television begun to fall. By that period, a new version of television was introduced to the market, i.e. color TVs. This innovation again took the industry to its growth.   These kinds of evidence can be witnessed in almost every stage of the industry, especially in terms of style and technology. This shall be evidently identified in the further discussion.  The introduction of television can be identified in the early 1920s when television was presented in two broad paths.

Research Study on Organizational Commitment Essay Example for Free

Research Study on Organizational Commitment Essay IntroductionOrganizational commitment is an organizational member’s psychological connection or feeling of belongingness to the organization CITATION Edu15 l 1033 (Educational Portal). This commitment to an organization creates a feeling of passionate affection within a stakeholder of an organization, creating a desire for that / those individual(s) to do anything necessary for the organization to succeed. Organizational commitment is an indispensably huge role that determines whether a stakeholder will remain at the organization willingly, if given a choice. This is a determinant as to whether this individual will produce at the top of his skill index to ensure that the organization moves much closer, or in the direction of its goals. According to the three- component model (TCM), the organizational commitment is made up of three unique components. These are affective commitment, continuance commitment and normative commitment. Affective commitment encompasses the love for your career or job. This happens when one has a strong feeling of emotional attachment to their organization or company, and zealously works to promote the interests of that organization. These people have internalized the organization’s values, vision and goals, and have a sincere feeling of wanting to work for the organization for a longer period CITATION Min151 l 1033 (Mind Tools). This happens when the employee is happy at their workplace. There are factors that will normally contribute to this affection. Some of the reasons include freedom of thought and innovation, appreciably good salary, better employee terms among other things that could make employees feel that they are important and are valued by their employer. Whatever these reasons are, this affection is imperative to the organizational success. Hypothesis: Employees who are treated in a respectful manner in an ethics based organization are more likely to be happier than employees that belong to a profit oriented organization. Continuous commitment is an express fear of loss. This kind of commitment comes by when employees measures up the advantages and disadvantages of being at the organization compared to their exit CITATION Min151 l 1033 (Mind Tools). This comes as a result of a realization that staying at your current position in your company has better terms or benefits than leaving the company. For instance, if one wanted to move from one company or organization, they will not only consider monetary benefits, but a number of other parameters. These parameters include employee terms of welfare, available position of responsibility within the new organization, among other benefits one stands to lose or gain. Another reason could be completely unrelated to profession; one could be attached to their friends at the organization, that moving from the organization is a risk of breaking these bonds. The relentlessness of the continuance commitment increases with advancement of age and professional responsibi lity. Those who are so advanced in both of these factors will feel a certain kind of inertial force that hardly allows them to leave. Hypothesis: People who have successively progressed up the ladder within an organization, and / or age feel the severity of continuance commitment the most. Normative Commitment is the sense of obligation that one feels for an organization. Some people feel that it is the right thing to do, for them to belong to the organization they do belong to. This sense of belongingness occurs even when one is not happy with their position. They are often held back from pursuing even better opportunities CITATION Min151 l 1033 (Mind Tools). This feeling could arise from an array of reasons. A great example is a son working at their father’s firm, He will get a kind of virtual family pressure to weigh the burdens of the organization in order to make it successful. Even if there existed better opportunities, this son will turn them down for the sake of keeping their parents happy. Another scenario that could occur is when a wife works for an organization within a region. The job she does could only be offered by only her current company within the whole region or even country. Due to her domestic responsibilities, she cannot leave to pursue her career interests in another region of the country. This sense of obligation could drain the company of energy because normally, there is no zeal to work, but one will only perform at an average. Hypothesis: more married people will tend to work for a certain firm on a normative commitment basis than the single professionals. All the above forms of commitment are segments of organizational employee response due to certain organizational behaviors. The underlying fact is that employees have their personal needs, and will tend to place these interests first. When these interests are well provided for, the employees will automatically feel appreciated and will tend to happily offer service to the organization. As it has been stressed before, happy employees make more productive and successful companies CITATION And14 l 1033 (Oswald, Proto, Sgroi, 2014). On a practical scale, companies like Google have benefited from employee first approach. The company has invested a lot in employee support and satisfaction while allowing for imagination, creativity and innovation CITATION Kel14 l 1033 (Parkes-Harrison-Warwick, 2014). Some companies have got it right while others are yet to get it right. We carried a research into the various aspects that contribute to this phenomenon of organizational commitment. We use different techniques to measure or research into different Organizational behavior, including self-reporting scales, behavioral observation and organizational records analysis such as performance appraisal forms, time card data, absenteeism rates, productivity indices In this research, we use the self-reporting scales. Self-report study involves use of questionnaires, surveys or polls that let respondents respond to questions in a manner the respondents choose. This kind of survey is focused on extracting information from participants about their attitudes, feelings and beliefs on certain topics. It could be a form of interview, provision of answers to open and closed questions, rating scales, fixed choice questions among others. Reliability on these methods is dependent upon their consistence in providing similar results if used repeatedly in similar circumstances. Validity of the response is also a matter of concern. Especially for questionnaires, respondents may or may not give accurate or sincere answers to certain questions depending on the parameters provided. For example, Anonymous questionnaires or response forms are more likely to produce valid answers. In this survey, we carried a survey in which we asked various questions related to the hypotheses stated in within this document. We adopted the anonymous response questionnaire system to enhance validity of our research. We asked them to rate different departments, work conditions and parameters. The respondents were to respond to questions regarding the hypotheses. They were requested to rate the questions on four guided answers: Strongly agree, Agree, strongly disagree, and agree. Our respondents were 30 employees of different organizations. Results             We set ourselves to find out the validity of three hypotheses regarding the tenets of organizational commitment. These hypotheses stated as follow: Hypothesis 1: Employees who feel appreciated are happy and are more likely to be affectively committed to an organization Hypothesis 2: older employees and those who get promoted are likely to stay within an organization out of continuance commitment Hypothesis 3: most married people are normatively committed to organizations. The validity of our hypotheses had some concurrence with our respondents. However, what the survey disqualified is the sense of promotion as a determining factor to employee continuance commitment. Instead, the people who got promoted in organizations were the productive cream of the organization. This means that they felt a conviction to work for the organization. Such people were comfortably placed within the category of affective commitment. Conclusion             The survey conducted was successfully concluded and in our finding, hypothesis 1 was completely valid as most people agreed with it. Hypothesis 2 produced mixed reactions. Most agreed that older people were committed to the organization due to continuance commitment. Hypothesis 3 was completely valid as most people agreed with this hypothesis. All respondents had their reasons, as evident on their additional comments, including fear of family strain and divorce for the third hypothesis. References BIBLIOGRAPHY l 1033 Educational Portal. (n.d.). Organizational Commitment: Definition, Theory Types. Retrieved January 28, 2015, from Educational Portal: http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/organizational-commitment-definition-theory-types.html Mind Tools. (n.d.). The Three Component Model of Commitment. Retrieved January 28, 2015, from Mind Tools: http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/three-component-model-commitment.htm Oswald, A. J., Proto, E., Sgroi, a. D. (2014, february 10). Happiness and Productivity. Retrieved January 28, 2015, from http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/staff/eproto/workingpapers/happinessproductivity.pdf Parkes-Harrison-Warwick, K. (2014, March 21). Google is right: We work better when we’re happy. Retrieved jaanuary 28, 2015, from futurity.org: http://www.futurity.org/work-better-happy/ Source document

The Low Retail Price Strategy

The Low Retail Price Strategy INTRODUCTION: Environment of United Kingdom retail Market: The trading atmosphere in the UK is very challenging, and different corporations are using various methods to stay in business. In order to understand how corporations manage to remain in the competition with low prices Strategy this information will center on a particular area, which has all the time occupied our attention. The low price Strategy is a possible environment. In order to take action to this matter we are going to carry some retailing companies those are well reputable or well known for their deal opportunities in the UK market such as Poundland and Primark in the last 5 years. The UK market is very challenging, due to the variety of the residents, and also the significance of the currency which is dissimilar from other countries in Europe. Furthermore the economy of UK develops faster than regular throughout the Europe. (ec.europa.eu/economy) This is a situation where cost is going up due to the boost of the not only VAT in the kingdom, and where a few companies are leaving the industry due to the no profitability of their business. The UK marketplace keep on to battle against slump, as a result fears over job safety, tax increases and slash in government expenditure are the main issues. The retail surroundings go on to see numerous come to an end, as Woolworths; and some companies are ongoing by using unification or an acquisition. On the other hand Iceland has purchased about fifty stores with Bargain Madness, 99p stores, and Poundland is also acquiring a number of Woolworths stores. Furthermore, the market is at price wars; this takes place as a result of the slump. Waitrose, Asda and Tesco all expanded and extended their reduction lines in order to challenge the growing share of discounters such as Lidl. (Supermarkets Business Analysis 2011, UK). If we talk to any regular customer and discus with them about some of excellence, leading big super stores. The probability is far above the ground that one of the initial words they will say will be costly. Not outstanding service, wonderful variety or level cooperative employees. On the other hand costly but attractive, or You get what you pay for, but in the minds of normal customers, cost is approximately for eternity a mean aspect. A pricing strategy is a strategy where a business proposes a comparatively low price to rouse stipulate and increase market share and to attract more customers to offer them good prices and quality products. It is individual of 3 broad marketing strategies that could be able to implement by any super store. Therefore these are generally engaged where the manufactured goods have little or no cutthroat benefit or where financial system of level is attainable with advanced manufacture quantity. Also called low price strategy. In United Kingdom low pricing strategy is used as well and often by several super stores. Therefore it fallout in pricing their goods or services too near to the ground. Many super stores consider that containing the lowest cost in the marketplace will create them unbeaten. It believes that super stores can obtain business from their rivals cleanly by circulating the lowest price. The Poundland Story: The Poundland is the Europes largest only price cut rate seller and won the officially year 2011 Discount Retailer of the Year honour. It has more than 400 outlets across the United Kingdom, also together with Northern Ireland and it trade a broad variety of very quality top product and hold brand goods all for the only price end of  £1 only, as long as offering the consumers with remarkable price each day. This store serve up to Four million regular customers each week, It is an appealing shopping familiarity where customers are certain to purchase more than 3 thousands value goods and up to on thousand Top product, crosswise 17 shopping classes together with groceries and drink, health and beauty, domestic, crop growing, DIY, Animal food, Stationery, books, movies and Toys. Among a expansion policy of at slightest Sixty new outlets each year, Poundland is just the once yet again on way to generate more than Two thousands new employments. Till 2012 the 22 new outlets are have by now opened as well as Four in the Republic of Ireland. Last April, Poundland accomplish one more landmark by building its 400th outlet in Haringey, in the London city. Poundland has opened a new 200,000 four-sided figure in the south eastern delivery centre this month Huddleston, Hertfordshire area. The stockroom will sustain Poundlands expansion policy and also will become as a provincial competence to overhaul its outlets all through the England. The United Kingdom customers hang about underneath heaviness as for consequence of the continuing hard financial circumstances that feat in the United Kingdom and in the rest of the Europe. The goods are of growing value to dare consumers from all socioeconomic crowds. Despite the confront of the financial system and the aggressive atmosphere, Poundland is predictable to carry out strongly in the near-term time. Jim McCarthy, Poundlands CEO, states: Poundland carry on to present astonishing value to more than Four million consumers each week. Our well-built trade and volume boost show that consumers distinguish the outstanding worth for cash that our outlets propose. The Story of the Primark: The Primark is a clothing dealer; it is widely running in the Ireland, the Portugal, the Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, United Kingdom and Germany. It runs a whole of 1986 outlets with 38 in Ireland, 138 in the United Kingdom, 14 in Spain, 2 in Germany, 1 in Belgium 2 in Portugal and 1 in the Netherlands. On the other hand the corporation major center of operations are situated in Ireland while its operate as Penneys, the string is a contributory of Associated British Foods plc (ABF), and therefore eventually handled by the Weston family from side to side Wittington Investments. The corporation location itself as selling stylish clothing at cutthroat cost. The Low Price Promise of Primark: Primark can meet the expense of to put forward our consumers low cost by make use of a number of price saving policy. Primark has no promotion costs. Therefore it as an alternative relying on its customers doing the discussion about its products. in addition, Primark purchase and put up for sale in mass size. The Primark have more than 229 outlets in Ireland, and in the United Kingdom, The Netherlands, Spain, , Belgium, Portugal and Germany. The Primarks purchasing power tolerates to purchase in mass size and it bypass the price reserves support to the purchaser. Therefore it remain outlay low where on earth is possible. Through modern supply pact to its outlets to have updated current style, as it appears in the open fashion market. Meanwhile the Primark has attain this in add up to of traditions together with heartbreaking into urban area, high streets position in larger, in additional prosperous position. It no more aim exclusively the near to the ground income consumer and therefore this is the primary target marketplace is youthful, style conscious less than 35s those who wish the stylish clothing at cutthroat cost. It helps these customers and is no more self-conscious to be distinguishing wearing low-cost garments trademarks. Primark is been mark in fashion magazine Vogue, as well as famous person were also seen wearing its clothing many times. Major fundamentals of Primark: Primark has continuous hurried expansion through cautious variety of locality in most important areas in the cities. Primark has enhanced outlets layouts which are further good-looking and customer forthcoming. Primark has trade the most up-to-date style goods at cutthroat cost from contractors from across the world. Primark has an managerial ethnicity that seats a much better importance on good customer services. Primark has draw soaring excellence workforce with a variety of trading ability and awareness. Primark has attained financial system of level as quantity of supply raise. Primark has advertising characteristic celebrities wearing Primark products Factor that contributed to successful research questions:- Being in such a competitive market, poundland and Primark are still in good business and it prompts questions that how can a super store manage to get profit and can survive for longer period of time by adopting a low cost strategy. Factors that need to be researched are whether they are managing their business by keeping low profit margins or by keeping the low quality of products or only by focusing on target marketing strategy and cheap labor rates. Our research will identify and investigate, what is the strategy that works out for them and what is the reason that makes them successful by keeping a low price strategy. Research Question: How a super store can earn Profit when it reduces its prices to beat the Rivals? Why are some Companies trying to include a low retail price strategy? Why Customers do attracted more towards the Low Price instead of Quality? Research Objectives: Conclude how Poundland and Primark can be capable of applying a low price strategy and stay Profitable? Which strategies or methods the companies must apply, to achieve a low cost strategy? Research Hypothesis: The low price Strategy will facilitate a business to catch the attention and keep hold of customers. Reason for the research: The Main reason of this research is to find out why Low Price Strategy is Important and how one super store can work on it for a long time and how it can earn profit as compared to its rivals. Moreover, what will be the impact of this strategy in the UK market and what methods and strategies can be used to keep it continue. Aims: To reduce the price of the items mostly sell at the stores to increase the sales and to attract more customers, to increase the market share as compared to the rivals. And to keep the good will of the super store. Objectives: This is to understand the future responsibility for improvement of productivity level. It has to analyze its sales Strategy and the prices as compared to rivals. The pricing is an important factor because its related to the sales of the products and also affects the other marketing mix elements such as products features, channels decisions and promotions etc. The super store just need to develop a marketing strategy, for that it has to perform marketing analysis, segmentation targets and locations of the stores, defining the products, distributions and promotional tactics. Meanwhile it has to include fixed and variable costs associated with the product. And to focus the likely competitors policies. After collecting the all information the super store needs to selects the pricing methods to develop the pricing structure and define the discounts and offers on the products. Literature review: Low price Strategy is a pricing strategy in which a super store suggests a comparatively low price to motivate demand and gain market share. (Business dictionary, 2011), The link among low price and profitability is not as simple; the analysis of some writings on the subject will be prepared in order to have an understandable idea of the topic; which is determinant for companies to stay challenging, and make bigger or increase their market share. (Web-Books, 2011) The Porters Generic Strategies: The Porters Generic Strategies is the best suitable tool to study the role and need of low price strategy for the selected companies, following is the brief review this strategy. The Cost Leadership: This strategy works on the super store by engaging market share to tempt to price-sensitive consumers. It can be attain by offering the lowest cost in the key market region, or having the lowest cost to cost ratio. Therefore to be thriving at offering the lowest price as still achieving profit and a soaring return on plan, the super store has to be able to work at a lesser cost than its rivals. (Web-Books, 2011) The first move is attaining a high asset return. It will involve manufacturing of high quantity of production. These come up to mean the fixed costs are spread over a bigger number of units of the products, ensuing in a lesser unit expenditure. Higher intensity of output both need and result in soaring market share, and generate an entry barrier to possible rivals, who may not capable to get the scale required to go with the firms low costs and prices. (Web-Books, 2011) Also it is important to attain low direct and indirect working costs. This is attaining by offering high level of standardized goods, offering necessary basic products and restrictive customization and personalization of service. The Manufacturing expenses are kept lowest by using fewer components or equipments, and also by using standard components or the equipments, and by avoiding the amount of form produced to make sure larger produced run. Expenses are reserved low by paying low salary, locating building in low rent areas, setting up an economical background, etc. (Web-Books, 2011) The Differentiation Strategy: The differentiation strategy is appropriate where the target shoppers are not caring about the prices of the products. On the other hand the market is cut-throat and shoppers have very precise needs and choices and which are perhaps under-served, and mean while the store has perfect resources and prospective which let them to fulfil their needs in ways that are tough to copy. (Web-Books, 2011) The Alternative on the Differentiation Strategy: The Strategy that extends a large base of resources that gives out the store to survive against the rivals by using a differentiation strategy. A super store with larger resources can manage threat and sustain income more simply than one with less resources. This deep-pocket strategy gives a short-term benefit only. If a super store requires the capability for frequent improvement, it will not carry on its competitive place in sector. (Web-Books, 2011) The Focus or Strategic Scope: A focused strategy must target market sector that are not as much of vulnerable to alternative or where a rivalry is weakest to produce above-average return on asset. By assuming a broad spotlight level and the standard is unaffected and the store must set up the requirements for the mass market, and to battle either on low cost or differentiation (feature, product name) depending on its income and skill level. (Web-Books, 2011) The Low Pricing Strategy: The Pricing strategy depends on three major faces: cost and profit objectives, customers requirement and competition. Meanwhile to patch up the price, primary add all the expanses and deduct any other cause of income in this way the least amount of profit will be accessible, On the other hand it will provide least amount of the price. At this time it can be measured as customers and the demand for any product to determine the upper limit selling price. In the last part, once having the price choice, and to use revenue objectives in a sequence about the competition to decide the best price. (Dana Griffin, 1999). The most frequent pricing strategies are: Price it Below the Competition. If Primark and Poundland, the two major market companies, It is possible that this thing could happened that when these two companies adopt this policy therefore deliberately and in a marketplace whose formation and consumers make the lowest-price approach feasible These tow companies will have to a based on cutthroat improvement for themselves. And if they dont, then there will be a possibility that there will be a price war that will put down and their rivalry with minor Profits and minor cost earlier than. The Low Pricing is the most key mechanism of marketing and sales policy, which is a part of a complete business preparation. Conveying manufactured goods cost is a strategic action. The price which these tow companies will allocate will show how customers analyze their manufactured goods and whether they will buy it. Cost also helps distinguish the manufactured goods from the other rivals. Though, the cost that set should be in stroke with the other marketing policy and the manufactured goods characteristic. Meanwhile these two companies introduce a proper marketing arrangement, creating some of the examiner essential for a marketing map earlier to influential the pricing policy it will execute and is significant. The information achieve from the study will assist in turning over suitable cost to the goods or services. The Pricing Strategy: The Pricing Strategy is principally based on the Cost, the based on the Demand or the based on the Competition Consequently the cost-based price, the cost are simply planned on producers costs and the mandatory profit inclusive of bearing in mind the requisite. On the other hand the demand-based pricing, customers study helps to determine the suitable price choice, after that it can be conclude profit and cost. While the competition-based pricing, the prices are stand on the rivals. After all depending on consumers devotion, or brand differentiation. (Dana Griffin, 1999). The 4 Key Pricing Strategies: There was a time when most of the companies used to suggest the prices for their every product and wholesaler minimally charged that prices. Any differentiation then was simply on convenience, environment, manufactured goods diversity and value of service of the seller at that time. Here are the 4 main policies: Hi-Lo Pricing Strategy: To commence a diverse factor of differentiation, a big figure of seller going ahead dropping the cost of means goods, in command towards grasp the awareness of consumers keen on their stores, therefore they would purchase erstwhile produce as fine as the reduced-prices. Therefore Hi-Lo pricing was happening, and in the mean time it swiftly became the model everywhere. The seller earned little income or even a faced loss but on the other hand; on the price-reduced produce revert to the income in the better sales of other useful lines. The Hi-Lo pricing also found an aspect of fervour into shopping for consumers and the customers felt good when they had experience the excellent good deal, and this would be able to persuade them to revisit the same store. Peter Clark (co-author, The Loyalty Guide) The Every Day Low Pricing Strategy: This strategy is used to attract to the even more straightforward customers, and to make easier and helpful shopping for those customers who dont have enough time for shopping. Meanwhile on the other hand other retailer gears this pricing policy so they could incriminate a realistic, but low-as-possible cost for all products they offer inside the store to sell. It is very popular these days. For those customers from whom shopping is an unpleasant task to be handle as easily and swiftly as possible, This strategy is the best solution. There is no need to shop here and there and there is no need to collect the vouchers, also there is any need to waste the time. Meanwhile, this approach shows the face up to the retailer; therefore within the nonexistence of further differentiators of some dependability demonstrates is to the cost charged, not to the selling. So the customers force desert to a rival who start to incriminate somewhat lesser cost. The Profit Up Front Strategy: About 3 decades ago, Hi-Lo pricing and EDLP were transformed into a new strategy which was known as Profit-up-front pricing. In this strategy customers were bound to get the unique membership and they were privileged to get special discount on products at extremely at very low price as known as whole sale price. All they had to pay some fixed annual or monthly price. It also depends on super store to super store how much they charge or whether they charge their customers on monthly basis or annual basis. Peter Clark (co-author, The Loyalty Guide) The Access Pricing Strategy: The main aspect of the Strategy is to offer to differentiate the prices on necessary items among regular and irregular customers in an open and noticeable way. Consequently it is tough for the superstores to propose higher prices to the habitual customers and low prices to the irregular customers within the similar market. But in few developed countries there was a problem that why a poor people should pay more than rich regular customers? Currently this strategy is available in most store and business outlets as a points-based loyalty card one the example is Nectar Card. Peter Clark (co-author, The Loyalty Guide) Generic approach and business Forces: Industry Force Generic Strategies Cost Leadership Differentiation Spotlight Entry Barriers Capability to slash cost within reprisal prevents possible entrants. Shopper trustworthiness is able to discourage possible entrants. The focus increase center competencies that can take act as an entrance barrier. Buyer Power Capability to propose minor price to powerful buyers. Great consumer has fewer influences to agree because of few close substitutes. The large buyer has less influence to bargain as of little substitutes. Supplier Power Enhanced protect from commanding suppliers. To able to exceed on providers price increase to the consumers. The retailer has authority of low quantity, other than a differentiation-focused is well again nurture to avoid on provider price as increases. Threat of Substitutes Be able to use low cost to defend beside alternate. Customers turn into close to distinguish quality, reducing risk of substitutes. Meanwhile particular supplies core competencies support against the alternates. Rivalry Improved able to battle on price. Product authenticity to keep consumers from rivals. Competitor cannot collect differentiation-focused customer requirements. (Quick-mba, 2011) As given above there is a plain clarification that how to stay or attain a low price strategy and being the existing super store and it can use cost leadership strategy to create barriers to entry of new rivals. The key strategy which is motivating for the reason of this report is the price direction. This facilitate business not only to boost their market share, but also to avoid competitors from concern the same strategy, as there is a difficulty from entrant as their price is low. Low price Strategy is based on the ability of the super store to create and bring products of competitive quality at lower cost. This figure expresses as well that to make it in the low cost Strategy, the need to have strong relationships with supplier. According to Alagse.com website on customer focused low cost leadership strategy, one vital point as well to succeed in the low cost Strategys to construct a strong relationship with supplier; as they have control over their inbound supplies and logistics . Therefore, business can make sure suppliers of the stability of the command; as for the suppliers, it is the promise of supplies on a habitual basis which introduce mainly. (Alagse.com) Research Methodology: Definition: Pattron (2009, online) defined research methodology as a very intellectual human action used in the examination of nature and issue and deals distinctively with the way in which facts is collected, analyzed and interpreted. The reason to execute the study to find out answers of the questions from side to side the use of logical measures. The key aim of this research is to discover out the accuracy which is unseen and that has to uncover. Approach to the research scope:- The span of my inspection is to examine the issue that make the low cost strategy successful in retail business in the United Kingdom Market. The research objectives and questions are designed in a way so that they first explore how companies in retail industry are making profits by adopting low cost strategy. This research will also examine why customers get attracted by low cost products more and can do negotiation on feature and factors while they make a purchase. Also in this research, descriptive technique of research has been used and investigation questionnaires was spread among the random people with the help of social networking websites like facebook, and linkedin to get the response that inspect the research questions. I have carry out a preliminary literature review to investigate what other authors write about my research topic. All findings in this literature review are meant to serve as a bottom for with the consequences of my prime data collection. The comparison between the two will help to either prove or disprove my research hypothesis. Deductive Research Approach the Targeted Participants: The subsequent information will center on 2 companies successful in the United Kingdom retailing market, as they are famous for using a low price Strategy (Primark Poundland). The use of the survey sample (see appendix) that have been published online among males and females; feedbacks established by discussing with customers around selected retailing business; report from chosen companies; and finally information found in some particular reports and books will help to review the facts and figures composed, this in arrange to have a improved plan of the low price Strategy. Research Techniques: This report will be using 2 types of process together and analyze information. However data will be gathered from secondary and primary data or through quantitative and qualitative. Qualitative research methods are a mixture of balanced, explorative and spontaneous. (Van Maanen, 1983; Strauss and Corbin, 1990). Quantitative research technique is associated with collecting individual data and aggregates are to study organization. Hence they are linked with any measurable thing or figure; providing the examiner with range of numbers, which are available in figures, graphical forms, and tabulations. Data Collection: The Data was collected primarily and secondarily. Total number of 10 questionnaire samples was used to obtain primary data from Customers; I had used an online survey. I built and an online survey with the help of free online survey web site and then I share the link online and via email and via social networking website and soon I stated receiving the responses. All the people were targeted who were mostly visiting the Primark and Poundland very often. They have had specified the clearer opinion about their shopping behavior. This survey will help me to find out the root level reality about the low price strategy and how it works and affect the common people. It will also help me to make the decision that is the people are really enjoying the offers of low price strategy or not. And is it beneficial to the selected companies or not. While secondary data taken from books, and helpful websites. This helped me to be familiar with the role of Low Price Strategy in any organization espec ially in Poundland and Primark. To start with, a survey plus informal debate with 30 customers was used to have a common view; to determine to what level they are worry with the low price strategy (low cost as well according to the business glossary) used by whichever Poundland or Primark; and on the selling market in common. Secondly, data is provided by the 2 companies through their websites (www.poundland.co.uk, and www.primark.co.uk) Along with the help of book (Michael E, Porter) and information was helpful to have an improved accepting of the low price Strategy Population Sample: For the reason of this study convenience sampling will be considered. A sample of 40 Customers approximately was considered from different areas. To rush the collection and response, questionnaire was circulated through social networking websites like facebook and email. A total amount of more than thirty one filled questionnaires were returned and rest was not completely filled. ANALYSES OF RESULT: The reason of this research is to find the role of Low Retail Strategy in the market of UK and I have the perfect examples of the two giving stores which help me to study about this strategy. And with the help of this survey it is very easy to understand the that the customers do appreciated the low prices of the products they need and if this strategy is followed by other giants of the market then there will be a big price war. But only those companies will be successful who will not only reduces the prices but will also focus on their quality of products as well as their customer services. Questionnaire and its outcomes: Here it will be discussed that how the questionnaire is analyzed. The report used a convenience sampling by distributing a total number of 97 people and the questionnaires was containing 10 questions but only 66 people had return the filled Questionnaire and I consider the 66 filled questionnaires. For this survey I had build a survey on a free online survey website which is www.instant.ly/survey and I had share the link via my email and over the facebook communities. The following grid shows the entire history of the survey performed by the people who were involved in this survey Londoners in the first column stands for the people I hit were random customers lived in the London city and their ages were from 20 to 35. They were contacted through emails and a survey website. The 39 people had opened the link of survey and out of 30 of them had completed it. The second column show they survey link I distributed through web email and got the responses email was sent to 46 and 26 had completed successfully. The last shows the facebook contacts these people helped to performed 10 surveys out of the 12. The total number of 97 people was touched and 66 were the successful responses. Your Gender is? The first question of the survey is about the gender, it was essential to ask and to know the trend that how many make and female are more attracted to this strategy. Therefore according to the result 53% males likes the lows price retails and purchasing the item on low price from Primark and Poundland as compare to Females which were just 47%. Q2: What time did you last shop? (Whichever clothes from Primark or Grocery from Poundland). Gender proportion categorization according to the super store: In the next question of the survey it was asked to the people that when they shop last time on the two specified stores. They were gives the few options to choose which were, did they shop this week? Last week or more than a week ago? In the result 30% people said they shop this week, while 18% had shop last week and nearly 52% people had shop more than last week. Below the graph is a table grid which distinguished the males and females who shop according to the question 2. According to that 30% male and 25% female shop from the two given stores during the current week. This makes the total number of